Explain the movement structure of mechanical watch in detail

Mechanical watch consists of movement and appearance parts. The movement consists of transmission system, prime drive system, upper dial system, escapement speed regulation system and pointer system. The parts of the movement are combined by splints and screws; the appearance parts are composed of watch case, dial, needle, strap and other parts.
1. Drive train
The transmission system is composed of center wheel, passing wheel, second wheel and escapement wheel. It is a set of transmission gears that drive the power to the escapement wheel and drive the pointer mechanism.
The transmission system of the mechanical watch connects the prime mover system of the mechanical watch with the speed regulating mechanism to form a complete main transmission chain. Whether the chain runs smoothly and stably directly determines the travel time accuracy of the mechanical watch.
2. Protozoan system
The structure of the primary drive system is composed of box wheel, bar shaft, spring and other components. It is the energy part of the watch work, which supplements the resistance consumption of the whole mechanism, promotes the rotation of each gear, and maintains the vibration of the balance wheel.
The origin of the main drive chain in the movement of a mechanical watch is the prime mover system. Its definition is that it stores the elastic potential energy, which depends on the length and thickness of the spring. The elastic potential energy determines the travel time of the mechanical watch. The spring provides the original energy for the mechanical watch after converting the stored elastic potential energy into mechanical energy After the potential energy is released, the mechanical watch will lose its energy supply and stop running.
3. Upper needle system
The upper bar is manually wound by the watch user through the handle part installed on the outside of the watch case. The same is true for the dial needle. Gear transmission is a widely used type of transmission, whether it is a rocker or a clutch wheel type upper bar needle shifting mechanism, while the transmission of vertical wheel and small steel wheel, clutch wheel and needle shifting wheel have a specific form of gear transmission.
In the mechanical watch, two cylindrical gears vertical wheel and small steel wheel are used to transmit the motion between the vertical intersecting shafts directly in the upper transmission. In the needle drive, a cylindrical gear (needle wheel) and a face gear (clutch wheel) are used to transmit the motion between the vertical intersecting shafts. The main requirements for these two kinds of transmission are stable operation and flexible transmission, and they depend on the mutual configuration of meshing gears In the latter case, increasing the meshing depth can improve the working stability, that is, it is not easy to produce the phenomenon of meshing, and excessive meshing may make the transmission inflexible or even brake. Therefore, when renovating or selecting the parts of the upper bar needle shifting mechanism, we should focus on whether the correct meshing between gears is affected.
4. Escapement speed control system
Escapement speed regulation system consists of escapement mechanism and speed regulation mechanism. The speed regulating mechanism relies on the periodic oscillation of the balance wheel and the hairspring to make the escapement mechanism keep accurate and regular continuous movement and achieve speed regulating effect. It includes balance wheel parts, hairspring parts, fast and slow needles, movable outer piles and other parts. Escapement mechanism is composed of escapement wheel, escapement fork, double disc and other parts, which transmits energy to speed regulating mechanism and measures oscillation times.
5. Pointer system
The pointer mechanism includes time wheel, sub wheel, cross wheel parts, dial parts, hour hand, minute hand, second hand and other parts. The sub wheel is the driving wheel, which drives the time wheel to rotate through the cross wheel piece and cross gear shaft. A time wheel spring is arranged between the time wheel and the dial, or between the time wheel and the calendar pressing plate. With the cooperation of the center wheel tube and the sub wheel, the friction force drives the sub wheel to rotate together. The elastic part of the split wheel piece is embedded in the groove of the split wheel to form the parts of the split wheel.